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| Homeschool Research & Statistics |
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Cato Institute |
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The Cato Institute was founded in 1977 by Edward H. Crane. It is a non-profit public policy research foundation headquartered in Washington, D.C. The Cato Institute seeks to broaden the parameters of public policy debate to allow consideration of the traditional American principles of limited government, individual liberty, free markets and peace. Toward that goal, the Institute strives to achieve greater involvement of the intelligent, concerned lay public in questions of policy and the proper role of government.
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Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) |
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The Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education, produces the world’s premier database of journal and non-journal education literature. The ERIC online system provides the public with a centralized ERIC Web site for searching the ERIC bibliographic database of more than 1.1 million citations going back to 1966. More than 107,000 full-text non-journal documents (issued 1993-2004), previously available through fee-based services only, are now available for free. |
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Home School Research from HSLDA |
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Home School Legal Defense Association has compiled research and statistics on homeschooling and other education topics. You'll find information about the number of homeschooled children in the country, the benefits and advantages of homeschooling, and more. |
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National Home Education Research Institute (NHERI) |
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NHERI's mission is to produce high-quality research on home-based education, to serve as a clearinghouse of research, and to educate the public concerning the findings of all research on home education. If you are interested in statistics and research to inform your choice about education, this site offers resources and information. NHERI's forte is in the realm of research, statistics, data, facts, demographics, the academic world, consultation, academic achievement tests, and expert witness while serving people ranging from researchers, educators, teachers, policy makers, the media, home schoolers, parents in general, marketing consultants, and the general public. |
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The Home School Researcher |
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This quarterly, refereed, scholarly journal presents basic research on home- and family-based education in areas such as socialization, academic achievement, history, and law. This unique periodical keeps home educators, researchers, and others abreast of the most current factual and theoretical research information available on home education. |
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| Statistics and Data for Minnesota and the U.S. |
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1.1 Million Homeschooled Students in the United States in 2003 |
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This brief uses data from the 2003 National Household Education Surveys Program (NHES) to estimate the number of homeschooled students in the United States in 2003 and to discuss the reasons parents decide to homeschool their children. The brief also shows that the number of homeschoolers, and the proportion of the student population they represent, has increased since 1999. |
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A Model of Homeschooling Growth |
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Use this interactive model to examine how changes in the number of children currently being homeschooled, the percentage change of children being homeschooled, and the number of school-aged children effect the growth of homeschooling. |
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Estimated Number of Homeschooled Students in the United States |
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Both the number and the proportion of students in the United States who were being homeschooled increased between 1999 and 2003. Approximately 1.1 million students (1,096,000) were being homeschooled in the United States in the spring of 2003, an increase from the estimated 850,000 students who were being homeschooled in the spring of 1999. In addition, the percentage of the entire student population who were being homeschooled increased from 1.7 percent in 1999 to 2.2 percent in 2003. |
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Home School Research from HSLDA |
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Home School Legal Defense Association has compiled research and statistics on homeschooling and other education topics. You'll find information about the number of homeschooled children in the country, the benefits and advantages of homeschooling, and more. |
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Home Schooling Works! |
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20,760 student achievement test scores and their family demographics make this one of the largest study of home education. Results demonstrate that home schooled students are doing exceptionally well and provide an informative portrait of America’s modern home education movement. Conducted by Dr. Lawrence M. Rudner, Director of the ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation.
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Homeschooling in the United States: 1999 |
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The Parent Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program, 1999 (Parent-NHES:1999) provides a comprehensive set of information that may be used to estimate the number and characteristics of homeschoolers in the United States. This report, Homeschooling in the United States: 1999, presents an estimate of the number of homeschooled students, characteristics of homeschooled children and their families, parents' reasons for homeschooling, and public school support for homeschoolers. |
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Homeschooling in the United States: 2003 |
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This report represents the latest survey information from the National Center for Education Statistics on the prevalence of homeschooling in the United States. Homeschooling in the United States: 2003 uses the Parent and Family Involvement Survey of the 2003 National Household Education Surveys Program (NHES) to estimate the number and percentage of homeschooled students in the United States in 2003 and to describe the characteristics of these students and their families. |
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Parents' Reasons for Homeschooling |
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A 2003 survey details and categorizes the reasons give for homeschooling their children. The reason most often cited was concern about the environment of other schools, followed by a desire to provide religious or moral instruction and dissatisfaction with academic instruction at other schools. |
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Sources of Curriculum or Books |
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Parents of homeschooled students obtain curriculum or books from a wide variety of sources. This study shows that a majority of homeschooled students had parents who used one or more of the following sources of curriculum or books for their children’s home education: a public library (78 percent); a homeschooling catalog, publisher, or individual specialist (77 percent); a retail bookstore or other store (69 percent); and an education publisher that was not affiliated with homeschooling (60 percent). Approximately half of homeschooled students used curriculum or books from homeschooling organizations. Thirty-seven percent of homeschooled students used curriculum or books from a church, synagogue or other religious institution and 23 percent used a curriculum or books from their local public school or district.
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The Characteristics of Homeschooled and Nonhomeschooled Students |
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One way to examine how student, family, and household characteristics are related to homeschooling is to compare the characteristics of homeschooled students to different populations of students. This study provides a comparison of homeschoolers to non-homeschoolers, both public schooled students and private schooled students, by student, family, and household characteristics. |
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Children Educated at Home Don't Become Social Misfits |
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Steve Moitozo |
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A discussion of research disputing the common misconception that children who are homeschooled do not have normal social development. Reinforces the concept that homeschooling can be a positive experience in both the academic and social realm. |
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Dispelling the Stereotype of Ethnic Prejudice in Homeschooling |
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Hank R. Kraychir |
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There is a prevailing stereotype in the United States that homeschool education is racially prejudice; that is, that white parents decide to homeschool their children because of their discriminatory opinions of other races. However, an interesting aspect of homeschooling is its universal appeal to all ethnic groups. Homeschooling has become mainstream in many ethnic communities, with more people of color now choosing to homeschool their children. Taking this into consideration, the stereotype of white racist homeschoolers must be reexamined alongside the more feasible reasons for homeschooling, including the failing condition of America’s public education system. In doing so, white homeschoolers will be revealed not as racists, but concerned parents with their children’s best interests in mind. |
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Does Homeschooling Research Help Homeschooling |
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Larry & Susan Kaseman |
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Homeschoolers sometimes feel uncertain when faced with a request that they participate in a research study being done on homeschooling. On one hand, they are pleased with the growing interest in homeschooling, glad that the value and importance of homeschooling is finally being recognized and acknowledged. They want to do anything they can to help homeschooling. But something makes them uneasy. How will this research affect homeschooling, they wonder? What are the potential pitfalls and problems? This article discusses research that is based on gathering and manipulation of information about homeschoolers' behavior, values, personal data (age, income, educational background, etc.), history, use of curriculum, test scores, opinions, attitudes, beliefs, needs, and desires with the intent of making generalizations about homeschooling and homeschoolers. The focus is on this kind of research since it poses risks for homeschoolers. |
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Families Who File Paperwork |
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This is an appendix table to the report Homeschoolers: Estimating Numbers and Growth, Spring 1999. It lists the numbers and percentages of families who have filed documentation of homeschooling status with the state or with their local educational authority. |
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Home Schooling Achievement |
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Home Schooling Achievement provides a concise look at home school achievement test score data, followed by a more in depth comparison of student's scores with parent education levels, money spent on home school curriculum, government regulation, and race, and gender. In all categories, home school students' successes defy the standard predictors. The final chart examines activities and community involvement and resoundingly explodes the myth that home schooled children lack adequate socialization opportunities.
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Home Schooling in the United States: Trends and Characteristics |
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Kurt J. Bauman |
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According to widely-repeated estimates, as many as two million American children are schooled at home, with the number growing as much as 15 to 20 percent per year. At the same time, however, home schooling has received little attention compared with other recent changes in the educational system, such as the growth of charter schools. It could be argued that home schooling may have a much larger impact on educational system, both in the short and long run.
This report uses the 1994 October CPS, and the National Household Education Survey of 1996 and 1999 to determine the extent of home schooling. It presents social, demographic and geographic characteristics of households that engage in home schooling and examines the potential for future growth. It is found that home schooling is less prevalent than shown in earlier estimates, but that the potential for growth is large.
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Home Schools: How Do They Affect Children? |
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Bridget Murray |
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This article by American Psychological Association Monitor staff writer Bridget Murray, details how psychologists look at families that have chosen to school their children at home. It is a good example of the negative stereotypes and biases towards homeschoolers that can be found in mainstream society. This is a negative critical look at homeschooling, with a bias on looking at what is considered by the educational and medical establishment as the sheltered nature of homeschooling, perceived lack of exposure to diversity, and lack of participation in greater society. This attitude clearly contradicts the experiences, research, and results that the homeschooling community has seen for decades. |
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Homeschoolers: Estimating Numbers and Growth 1999 |
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Patricia M. Lines |
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This technical paper provides an estimate of the number of children in homeschooling. Of particular note is their estimate of the numbers of children with any type of homeschooling experience. Based on an estimate of an average turnover rate of 2 years, this study estimates that the number of children with some homeschooling experience, by age 18, would be around 6 to 12 percent of the population. The study also looks at the filing status of homeschoolers in various states and the possible under-estimation of non-filers.
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Homeschooling - ERIC Digest |
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This Digest discusses the extent of contemporary homeschooling and its legal status, describes available resources, presents evidence on the performance of homeschoolers, and notes how public opinion regarding the practice has changed over time.
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Homeschooling Comes of Age |
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Patricia M. Lines |
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The rise of homeschooling is one of the most significant social trends of the past half century. This reemergence of what is in fact an old practice has occurred for a distinctly modern reason: a desire to wrest control from the education bureaucrats and reestablish the family as central to a child's learning. This article discusses the growth of the homeschooling movement, the future growth of the homeschooling community, some of the reasons to homeschool, and public acceptance of homeschooling. |
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Homeschooling Facts |
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Greg Beato |
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A Reason online magazine article discusses the number of homeschoolers, most popular reasons for homeschooling, how the general public views homeschoolers, and what the law says about home-schooling. |
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Homeschooling Grows in the Black Community |
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Michael Smith |
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The best research on homeschooling indicates the total number of children who are homeschooled is 1.5 to 2 million, and that number is growing by 10 to 15 percent per year. But not everyone recognizes the academic and social success of homeschoolers and some criticize the movement as being white and elitist. While it's true that the large majority of homeschool children are white, the number of black homeschoolers is growing rapidly. Brian Ray, president of the National Home Education Research Institute, estimates that there are 30,000 to 50,000 black children being homeschooled today. Others estimate that black homeschoolers make up 5 percent of the total homeschool population. Most importantly black homeschool movement is growing at a faster rate than the general homeschool population.
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Homeschooling in the United States: 1999 |
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National Center for Education Statistics |
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This report, Homeschooling in the United States: 1999, presents an estimate of the number of homeschooled students,
characteristics of homeschooled children and their families, parents' reasons for homeschooling, and public school support for homeschoolers. Major findings from the Parent-NHES:1999 indicate that in the spring of 1999, an estimated 850,000 students nationwide were being homeschooled. This amounts to 1.7 percent of U.S. students, ages 5 to 17, with a grade
equivalent of kindergarten through grade 12. Four out of five homeschoolers were homeschooled only (82 percent) and one out of five homeschoolers were enrolled in public or private schools part time (18 percent). It also found that a greater percentage of homeschoolers compared to nonhomeschoolers were white, non-Hispanic in 1999—75 percent compared to 65 percent. At the same time, a smaller percentage of homeschoolers were black, non-Hispanic students and a smaller
percentage were Hispanic students. Further, it was found that the household income of homeschoolers in 1999 was no different than nonhomeschoolers. However, parents of homeschoolers had higher levels of educational attainment than did parents of nonhomeschoolers.
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Homeschooling: Back to the Future? |
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Isabel Lyman |
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Explore some of the history of the homeschooling movement, why some parents choose to homeschool, the basics of homeschooling, and more. The article includes some homeschooling statistics and demographic information. Also included is a discussion of the influences of Dr. Raymond Moore and John Holt on the emerging homeschool movement. |
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How Home Schooling Will Change Public Education |
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Paul T. Hill |
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More than 1.2 million students are now being taught at home, more students than are enrolled in the entire New York City public school system. Paul T. Hill reports on the pros and cons of learning at home—and the effects home schooling will have on public schools.
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Look at the Evidence |
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This article features a summary of the NHERI study about home-school academic achievement.
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Research Shows Benefits of Homeschooling |
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Dr. Raymond S. Moore |
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Home education at its best, is seldom well understood by writers and even by many within the homeschool movement. Although it plays a key role among most homeschool families, religion is no longer the overriding reason for it, but rather quality education and family togetherness. In achievement and socialization, homeschool significantly excel conventional schools in all states. |
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Socialization: A Great Reason Not to Go to School |
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Karl M. Bunday |
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This "Learn in Freedom" article provides research supporting the positive socialization homeschooled children receive. Discusses research supporting the conclusion that homeschooled children have higher levels of self-esteem and communication skills, and fewer behavioral problems, than other children. |
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Socialization? No Problem! |
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HSLDA |
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Every parent who homeschools has been through the drill: “Oh, you homeschool. Aren’t you concerned about your child’s socialization?” Homeschooling parents have known the answer for years: “No problem here!” But critics demand proof. Today, the first generation of homeschooled students has “grown up,” and there are enough homeschool graduates to begin to see how they are succeeding in their homes, in their work, and in their lives.
In 2003, the Home School Legal Defense Association commissioned the largest research survey to date of adults who were home educated. Conducted by Dr. Brian Ray of the National Home Education Research Institute, the study surveyed over 7,300 adults who were homeschooled. Over 5,000 of these had been home educated at least seven years, and the statistics in this synopsis are based on their responses. The results confirm what homeschoolers have thought for years: “No problem here.”
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Support for Home-Based Education: Pioneering Partnerships Between Public Schools and Families Who Instruct Their Children at Home |
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When it comes to homeschooling, two points are clear: The ranks of homeschoolers are steadily increasing, and there is a growing trend in forming partnerships between homeschooling families and public educators. This publication, by Patricia Lines, reports on the practices of states and school districts experimenting with such partnerships. Many homeschooling parents remain wary of public educators and institutions. Lines discusses these issues directly and offers information and suggestions about such programs. This link takes you to the Clearinghow on Educational Policy and Management, where you can purchase the entire study or simply read the foreword and introduction.
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Testing the Boundaries of Parental Authority Over Education: The Case of Homeschooling |
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Rob Reich |
In this paper, Rob Reich, Department of Political Science, Stanford University, traces the rise of home education, the interests in education held by the government, the parent, and the child, and sets forth his suggestions for balancing these interests. These suggestions lead Reich to conclude that "while the state should not ban homeschooling it must nevertheless regulate its practice with vigilance." This paper caught the attention of many in the homeschooling community and spawned many rebuttals, including:
The Boundaries of Parental Authority: A Response to Rob Reich of Stanford University by Thomas W. Washburne, J.D.
Thomas W. Washburne, J.D. discusses how Reich's ideas for home education have a dangerous implication on the freedoms of homeschooling parents.
Homeschooling: Dangerous by Ben Graydon
Ben Graydon takes a look at Reich's philosophy of state control of educational choice.
Reich Opposes Educational Autonomy by Ben Graydon
Ben Graydon continues his analysis of Reich's paper.
Reich Gets Some Points Right by Ben Graydon
Ben Graydon concludes his analysis of Reich's paper, with emphasis on the socialization aspect of homeschooling.
Let's Stop Aiding and Abetting Academicians' Folly by Larry and Susan Kaseman
Larry and Susan Kaseman discuss the weaknesses in Reich's study and include strategies to counteract negatively biased research on homeschooling.
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The Case for Authentic Assessment |
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Grant Wiggins |
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Assessment is authentic when we directly examine student performance on worthy intellectual tasks. Traditional assessment, by contract, relies on indirect or proxy 'items'--efficient, simplistic substitutes from which we think valid inferences can be made about the student's performance at those valued challenges.
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The Kingdom That Never Was: Inaccuracies in a Sociological Study of Homeschooling |
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Larry and Susan Kaseman |
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A PhD thesis on homeschooling was published recently by Princeton University Press titled Kingdom of Children: Culture and Controversy in the Homeschooling Movement by Mitchell Stevens. This sociological study of homeschooling contains serious misinformation that we homeschoolers need to understand and be able to counter. We may not be able to prevent this book from contributing to the mainstream media's and the academic world's misunderstanding of homeschooling, but if we don't at least respond to these ideas, misunderstanding of homeschooling will increase. |
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The Rise of Home Schooling Among African-Americans |
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Significant growth in black families’ participation in home schooling is beginning to show up on the radar screens of researchers. The National Center for Education Statistics computed African-Americans as 9.9 percent of the 850,000 children the federal agency figured were being home-schooled nationally in 1999. Veteran home-schooling researcher Brian Ray figures blacks are currently about 5 percent of the 1.6 million to 2 million home-schooled children but he agrees that black home schooling is growing rapidly.
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Trends in African-American Home Schooling |
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Jennifer James |
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African-Americans are joining the national home schooling community at larger and larger numbers every year. Read about the current movement of African-American homeschoolers. |
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U.S. Department of Education Longitudinal Study of 2002: Homeschool Student Questionnaire |
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U.S. Department of Education |
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This is a survey sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education, with a stated goal of being used by educators and by federal and state policy makers to address important issues facing the nation's schools: educational standards, high school course-taking patterns, dropping out of school, the education of the disadvantaged, the needs of language minority students, and the features of effective schools. We are including this link as an item of interest, to demonstrate what directions institutional survey writers are taking in their approach to homeschooling. In our opinion, it is a completely inadequate attempt to measure homeschooling demographics or success, focusing heavily on cultural notions of "socialization" and structured educational models. It is also invasive in terms of the amount of personal information required. |
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